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Statute Title Category Model

Bases: str, Enum

A Rule in the Philippines involves various denominations. It can be referred to by its

  1. official title
  2. serial title
  3. short title
  4. alias titles

Consider something like the Maceda Law which can be dissected as follows:

Category Mandatory Nature Description Example Matching Strategy
official yes official full length title AN ACT TO PROVIDE PROTECTION TO BUYERS OF REAL ESTATE ON INSTALLMENT PAYMENTS Statute Details
serial yes official Statute Category + serial identifier. Republic Act No. 6552 Serial Pattern regex matching
short no official may be declared in body of statute Realty Installment Buyer Act A helper function
alias no unofficial popular, undocumented means of referring to a statute Maceda Law Named Pattern regex matching
Source code in statute_patterns/components/category.py
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class StatuteTitleCategory(str, Enum):
    """
    A [`Rule`][rule-model] in the Philippines involves various denominations.
    It can be referred to by its

    1. `official` title
    2. `serial` title
    3. `short` title
    4. `alias` titles

    Consider something like the _Maceda Law_ which can be dissected as follows:

    Category | Mandatory | Nature | Description | Example | Matching Strategy
    --:|:--:|:--:|:--|:--|--:
    `official` | yes | official | full length title | _AN ACT TO PROVIDE PROTECTION TO BUYERS OF REAL ESTATE ON INSTALLMENT PAYMENTS_ | [Statute Details][statute-details]
    `serial` | yes | official | [`Statute Category`][statute-category-model] + serial identifier. | _Republic Act No. 6552_ | [Serial Pattern][serial-pattern] regex matching
    `short`  | no | official | may be declared in body of statute | _Realty Installment Buyer Act_ | [A helper function ][extract-short-title]
    `alias`  | no | unofficial | popular, undocumented means of referring to a statute | _Maceda Law_ | [Named Pattern][named-pattern] regex matching
    """  # noqa: E501

    Official = "official"
    Serial = "serial"
    Alias = "alias"
    Short = "short"

Statute Category Model

Bases: str, Enum

Application

This concerns the serial title described by the Statute Title Category.

Concept

It would be difficult to identify rules if they were arbitrarily named without a fixed point of reference. For instance the Civil Code of the Philippines, an arbitrary collection of letters, would be hard to find if laws were organized alphabetically.

Fortunately, each Philippine serial-title rule belongs to an assignable StatuteSerialCategory:

Serial Category name Shorthand value
Republic Act ra
Commonwealth Act ca
Act act
Constitution const
Spain spain
Batas Pambansa bp
Presidential Decree pd
Executive Order eo
Letter of Instruction loi
Veto Message veto
Rules of Court roc
Bar Matter rule_bm
Administrative Matter rule_am
Resolution en Banc rule_reso
Circular OCA oca_cir
Circular SC sc_cir

This is not an official reference but rather a non-exhaustive taxonomy of Philippine legal rules mapped to a enum.Enum object.

Enum Purpose
name for most members, can "uncamel"-ized to produce serial title
value (a) folder for discovering path / (b) category usable in the database table

Using this model simplifies the ability to navigate rules. Going back to the Civil Code described above, we're able to describe it as follows:

Aspect Description
serial title Republic Act No. 386
assumed folder path /ra/386
category ra
id 386

Mapped to its Rule counterpart we get:

Field Value Description
cat ra Serial statute category
id 386 Serial identifier of the category

Purpose

Knowing the path to a Rule, we can later extract its contents. (Note however that there can be more than one path since in exceptional cases, the combination of category + serial id does not yield a unique rule.)

Examples:

Python Console Session
>>> StatuteSerialCategory
<enum 'StatuteSerialCategory'>
>>> StatuteSerialCategory._member_map_
{'RepublicAct': <StatuteSerialCategory.RepublicAct: 'ra'>, 'CommonwealthAct': <StatuteSerialCategory.CommonwealthAct: 'ca'>, 'Act': <StatuteSerialCategory.Act: 'act'>, 'Constitution': <StatuteSerialCategory.Constitution: 'const'>, 'Spain': <StatuteSerialCategory.Spain: 'spain'>, 'BatasPambansa': <StatuteSerialCategory.BatasPambansa: 'bp'>, 'PresidentialDecree': <StatuteSerialCategory.PresidentialDecree: 'pd'>, 'ExecutiveOrder': <StatuteSerialCategory.ExecutiveOrder: 'eo'>, 'LetterOfInstruction': <StatuteSerialCategory.LetterOfInstruction: 'loi'>, 'VetoMessage': <StatuteSerialCategory.VetoMessage: 'veto'>, 'RulesOfCourt': <StatuteSerialCategory.RulesOfCourt: 'roc'>, 'BarMatter': <StatuteSerialCategory.BarMatter: 'rule_bm'>, 'AdministrativeMatter': <StatuteSerialCategory.AdministrativeMatter: 'rule_am'>, 'ResolutionEnBanc': <StatuteSerialCategory.ResolutionEnBanc: 'rule_reso'>, 'CircularOCA': <StatuteSerialCategory.CircularOCA: 'oca_cir'>, 'CircularSC': <StatuteSerialCategory.CircularSC: 'sc_cir'>}
Source code in statute_patterns/components/category.py
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class StatuteSerialCategory(str, Enum):
    """
    ## Application
    This concerns the `serial` title described by the [`Statute Title Category`][statute-title-category-model].

    ## Concept
    It would be difficult to identify rules if they were arbitrarily named
    without a fixed point of reference. For instance the _Civil Code of the
    Philippines_,  an arbitrary collection of letters, would be hard to find
    if laws were organized alphabetically.

    Fortunately, each Philippine `serial`-title rule belongs to an
    assignable `StatuteSerialCategory`:

    Serial Category `name` | Shorthand `value`
    --:|:--
    Republic Act | ra
    Commonwealth Act | ca
    Act | act
    Constitution | const
    Spain | spain
    Batas Pambansa | bp
    Presidential Decree | pd
    Executive Order | eo
    Letter of Instruction | loi
    Veto Message | veto
    Rules of Court | roc
    Bar Matter | rule_bm
    Administrative Matter | rule_am
    Resolution en Banc | rule_reso
    Circular OCA | oca_cir
    Circular SC | sc_cir

    This is not an official reference but
    rather a non-exhaustive taxonomy of Philippine legal rules mapped to
    a `enum.Enum` object.

    Enum | Purpose
    --:|:--
    `name` | for _most_ members, can "uncamel"-ized to produce serial title
    `value` | (a) folder for discovering path / (b) category usable in the database table

    Using this model simplifies the ability to navigate rules. Going back to
    the _Civil Code_ described above, we're able to describe it as follows:

    Aspect | Description
    --:|:--
    serial title | _Republic Act No. 386_
    assumed folder path |`/ra/386`
    category | ra
    id | 386

    Mapped to its [`Rule`][rule-model] counterpart we get:

    Field | Value | Description
    :--:|:--:|:--
    `cat`| ra | Serial statute category
    `id` | 386 | Serial identifier of the category

    ## Purpose

    Knowing the path to a [`Rule`][rule-model], we can later [extract its contents][statute-details]. (Note however that there can be more than one path since in exceptional cases, the combination of *category* + *serial id* [does not yield a unique rule][statute_patterns.components.rule.Rule.get_paths].)

    Examples:
        >>> StatuteSerialCategory
        <enum 'StatuteSerialCategory'>
        >>> StatuteSerialCategory._member_map_
        {'RepublicAct': <StatuteSerialCategory.RepublicAct: 'ra'>, 'CommonwealthAct': <StatuteSerialCategory.CommonwealthAct: 'ca'>, 'Act': <StatuteSerialCategory.Act: 'act'>, 'Constitution': <StatuteSerialCategory.Constitution: 'const'>, 'Spain': <StatuteSerialCategory.Spain: 'spain'>, 'BatasPambansa': <StatuteSerialCategory.BatasPambansa: 'bp'>, 'PresidentialDecree': <StatuteSerialCategory.PresidentialDecree: 'pd'>, 'ExecutiveOrder': <StatuteSerialCategory.ExecutiveOrder: 'eo'>, 'LetterOfInstruction': <StatuteSerialCategory.LetterOfInstruction: 'loi'>, 'VetoMessage': <StatuteSerialCategory.VetoMessage: 'veto'>, 'RulesOfCourt': <StatuteSerialCategory.RulesOfCourt: 'roc'>, 'BarMatter': <StatuteSerialCategory.BarMatter: 'rule_bm'>, 'AdministrativeMatter': <StatuteSerialCategory.AdministrativeMatter: 'rule_am'>, 'ResolutionEnBanc': <StatuteSerialCategory.ResolutionEnBanc: 'rule_reso'>, 'CircularOCA': <StatuteSerialCategory.CircularOCA: 'oca_cir'>, 'CircularSC': <StatuteSerialCategory.CircularSC: 'sc_cir'>}
    """  # noqa: E501

    RepublicAct = "ra"
    CommonwealthAct = "ca"
    Act = "act"
    Constitution = "const"
    Spain = "spain"
    BatasPambansa = "bp"
    PresidentialDecree = "pd"
    ExecutiveOrder = "eo"
    LetterOfInstruction = "loi"
    VetoMessage = "veto"
    RulesOfCourt = "roc"
    BarMatter = "rule_bm"
    AdministrativeMatter = "rule_am"
    ResolutionEnBanc = "rule_reso"
    CircularOCA = "oca_cir"
    CircularSC = "sc_cir"

    def serialize(self, idx: str):
        """Given a member item and a valid serialized identifier, create a serial title.

        Note that the identifier must be upper-cased to make this consistent
        with the textual convention, e.g.

        1. `pd` + `570-a` = `Presidential Decree No. 570-A`
        2. `rule_am` + `03-06-13-sc` = `Administrative Matter No. 03-06-13-SC`
        """

        def uncamel(cat: StatuteSerialCategory):
            """See [Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/a/9283563)"""
            x = r"((?<=[a-z])[A-Z]|(?<!\A)[A-Z](?=[a-z]))"
            return re.sub(x, r" \1", cat.name)

        match self:  # noqa: E999 ; ruff complains but this is valid Python
            case StatuteSerialCategory.Spain:
                small_idx = idx.lower()
                if small_idx in ["civil", "penal"]:
                    return f"Spanish {idx.title()} Code"
                elif small_idx == "commerce":
                    return "Code of Commerce"
                raise SyntaxWarning(f"{idx=} invalid serial of {self}")

            case StatuteSerialCategory.Constitution:
                if idx.isdigit() and int(idx) in [1935, 1973, 1987]:
                    return f"{idx} Constitution"
                raise SyntaxWarning(f"{idx=} invalid serial of {self}")

            case StatuteSerialCategory.RulesOfCourt:
                if idx in ["1940", "1964"]:
                    return f"{idx} Rules of Court"
                elif idx in ["cpr"]:
                    return "Code of Professional Responsibility"
                raise SyntaxWarning(f"{idx=} invalid serial of {self}")

            case StatuteSerialCategory.VetoMessage:
                """No need to specify No.; understood to mean a Republic Act"""
                return f"Veto Message - {idx}"

            case StatuteSerialCategory.ResolutionEnBanc:
                """The `idx` needs to be a specific itemized date."""
                return f"Resolution of the Court En Banc dated {idx}"

            case StatuteSerialCategory.CircularSC:
                return f"SC Circular No. {idx}"

            case StatuteSerialCategory.CircularOCA:
                return f"OCA Circular No. {idx}"

            case StatuteSerialCategory.AdministrativeMatter:
                """Handle special rule with variants: e.g.`rule_am 00-5-03-sc-1`
                and `rule_am 00-5-03-sc-2`
                """
                am = uncamel(self)
                small_idx = idx.lower()
                if "sc" in small_idx:
                    if small_idx.endswith("sc"):
                        return f"{am} No. {small_idx.upper()}"
                    elif sans_var := re.search(r"^.*-sc(?=-\d+)", small_idx):
                        return f"{am} No. {sans_var.group().upper()}"
                return f"{am} No. {small_idx.upper()}"

            case StatuteSerialCategory.BatasPambansa:
                if idx.isdigit():
                    return (  # there are no -A -B suffixes in BPs
                        f"{uncamel(self)} Blg. {idx}"
                    )

            case _:
                # no need to uppercase pure digits
                target_digit = idx if idx.isdigit() else idx.upper()
                return f"{uncamel(self)} No. {target_digit}"

Functions

serialize(idx)

Given a member item and a valid serialized identifier, create a serial title.

Note that the identifier must be upper-cased to make this consistent with the textual convention, e.g.

  1. pd + 570-a = Presidential Decree No. 570-A
  2. rule_am + 03-06-13-sc = Administrative Matter No. 03-06-13-SC
Source code in statute_patterns/components/category.py
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def serialize(self, idx: str):
    """Given a member item and a valid serialized identifier, create a serial title.

    Note that the identifier must be upper-cased to make this consistent
    with the textual convention, e.g.

    1. `pd` + `570-a` = `Presidential Decree No. 570-A`
    2. `rule_am` + `03-06-13-sc` = `Administrative Matter No. 03-06-13-SC`
    """

    def uncamel(cat: StatuteSerialCategory):
        """See [Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/a/9283563)"""
        x = r"((?<=[a-z])[A-Z]|(?<!\A)[A-Z](?=[a-z]))"
        return re.sub(x, r" \1", cat.name)

    match self:  # noqa: E999 ; ruff complains but this is valid Python
        case StatuteSerialCategory.Spain:
            small_idx = idx.lower()
            if small_idx in ["civil", "penal"]:
                return f"Spanish {idx.title()} Code"
            elif small_idx == "commerce":
                return "Code of Commerce"
            raise SyntaxWarning(f"{idx=} invalid serial of {self}")

        case StatuteSerialCategory.Constitution:
            if idx.isdigit() and int(idx) in [1935, 1973, 1987]:
                return f"{idx} Constitution"
            raise SyntaxWarning(f"{idx=} invalid serial of {self}")

        case StatuteSerialCategory.RulesOfCourt:
            if idx in ["1940", "1964"]:
                return f"{idx} Rules of Court"
            elif idx in ["cpr"]:
                return "Code of Professional Responsibility"
            raise SyntaxWarning(f"{idx=} invalid serial of {self}")

        case StatuteSerialCategory.VetoMessage:
            """No need to specify No.; understood to mean a Republic Act"""
            return f"Veto Message - {idx}"

        case StatuteSerialCategory.ResolutionEnBanc:
            """The `idx` needs to be a specific itemized date."""
            return f"Resolution of the Court En Banc dated {idx}"

        case StatuteSerialCategory.CircularSC:
            return f"SC Circular No. {idx}"

        case StatuteSerialCategory.CircularOCA:
            return f"OCA Circular No. {idx}"

        case StatuteSerialCategory.AdministrativeMatter:
            """Handle special rule with variants: e.g.`rule_am 00-5-03-sc-1`
            and `rule_am 00-5-03-sc-2`
            """
            am = uncamel(self)
            small_idx = idx.lower()
            if "sc" in small_idx:
                if small_idx.endswith("sc"):
                    return f"{am} No. {small_idx.upper()}"
                elif sans_var := re.search(r"^.*-sc(?=-\d+)", small_idx):
                    return f"{am} No. {sans_var.group().upper()}"
            return f"{am} No. {small_idx.upper()}"

        case StatuteSerialCategory.BatasPambansa:
            if idx.isdigit():
                return (  # there are no -A -B suffixes in BPs
                    f"{uncamel(self)} Blg. {idx}"
                )

        case _:
            # no need to uppercase pure digits
            target_digit = idx if idx.isdigit() else idx.upper()
            return f"{uncamel(self)} No. {target_digit}"

Statute Serial Identifier

Republic Acts

Criteria:

  1. Numbers should not start with 0
  2. Numbers should not exceed 5 digits
  3. Although at time of writing max RA is 11xxx (5 digits), added allowance for this to start with 2xxxx (still 5 digits)

Commonwealth Acts

Criteria:

  1. Numbers should not start with 0
  2. Numbers should not exceed 3 digits
  3. There are 733 Commonwealth Acts numbered sequentially

Acts of Congress

Criteria:

  1. Numbers should not start with 0
  2. Numbers should not exceed 4 digits
  3. There are 4275 Acts of Congress numbered sequentially

Batas Pambansa

Criteria:

  1. Numbers should not start with 0
  2. Numbers should not exceed 3 digits
  3. There are 889 Batas Pambansa

Presidential Decrees

Criteria:

  1. Numbers should not start with 0
  2. Numbers should not exceed 4 digits but see exceptional suffixes
  3. There are 2036 Presidential Decrees

Extract Short Title

Source code in statute_patterns/components/short.py
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def get_short(units: list[dict]) -> str | None:
    try:
        return next(find_title(units))
    except StopIteration:
        return None